Examining Black and Latinx College Students’ Perceived Stress, Resilience, and Networking Efficacy: A Social Capital Perspective

Autumn Cabell, Carlos Medina

Abstract


Black and Latinx college students often have disparate access to social capital opportunities and experience more stress in comparison to their White counterparts. However, many students are resilient. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived stress, resilience, and networking efficacy in a sample of predominantly Black and Latinx students (N = 114). The results of the linear regression indicated that resilience mediated the negative influences of perceived stress in relation to networking efficacy. Implications are discussed for how college career counselors can (a) help Black and Latinx students increase resiliency, (b) address stress, and (c) build social capital.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahnquist, J., Wamala, S. P., & Lindstrom, M. (2012). Social determinants of health – A question

of social or economic capital? Interaction effects of socioeconomic factors on health outcomes. Social Science and Medicine, 74(6), 930–939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.026

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Almeida, D.J., Byrne, A.M., Smith, R.M., & Ruiz, S. (2021). How relevant is grit? The importance of social capital in first-generation college students’ academic success. Journal of College Student Retention, 23(3), 539-559, https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025119854688

Amirkhan, J. H. (2018). A brief stress diagnostic tool: The short stress overload scale. Assessment, 25(8), 1001–1013. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116673173

Arbona, C. (2016). Ethnic minority status stress, self-efficacy, and persistence intentions among Hispanic college women: A moderation analysis. Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 4(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v4n1a2

Arbona, C., & Jimenez, C. (2014). Minority stress, ethnic identity, and depression among Latino/a college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(1), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034914

Arnett, J. J. (2015). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.9

Bandura, A. (2008). An agentic perspective on positive psychology. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people (Vol. 1, pp. 167-196). Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Company.

Batistic, S., & Tymon, A. (2017). Networking behaviour, graduate employability: A social capital perspective. Education & Training, 59(4), 374-388. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2016-0100

Bentley-Edwards, K.L., Agonafer, E., Edmondson, R., & Flannigan, A. (2016). If I can do for my people, I can do for myself: Examining racial factors for their influence on goal efficacy for black college students. Journal of College Student Development 57(2), 151-167. https://doi:10.1353/csd.2016.0018

Bissonette, D., & Szymanski, D. M. (2019). Minority stress and LGBQ college students’ depression: Roles of peer group and involvement. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 6(3), 308–317. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000332

Bortell, D. (2009). Understanding marginal perspectives: Towards a social theory of resilience. Qualitative Social Work, 8(3), 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325009337840

Bourdieu, P. (1985). The forms of capital. In The Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, (Ed) J. G. Richardson. pp. 241-258 New York: Greenwood.

Bryan, J., Moore-Thomas, C., Day-Vines, N. L., & Holcomb-McCoy, C. (2011). School

counselors as social capital: The effects of high school college counseling on college application rates. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(2), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00077.x

Bukoski, B. E., & Hatch, D. K. (2016). “We’re still here. . . We’re not giving up”. Community College Review, 44(2), 99–118. Education Research Complete. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552115621385

Bullock-Yowell, E., Peterson, G. W., Reardon, R. C., Leierer, S. J., & Reed, C. A. (2011). Relationships among career and life stress, negative career thoughts, and career decision state: A cognitive information processing perspective. Career Development Quarterly, 59(4), 302–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2011.tb00071.x

Cabell, A.L. & Gnilka, P. (2021). A longitudinal model of career search efficacy in engineering students. Journal of Counseling & Development, 99(4), 396-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12392

Caldwell, C. (2018). Bodyfulness: Somatic practices for presence, empowerment, and waking up in this life. Boulder, CO: Shambhala.

Christensen Institute. (2022). 5 steps for building and strengthening students’ networks. https://whoyouknow.org/playbook/

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal

of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404

Cokley, K., McClain, S., Enciso, A., & Martinez, M. (2013). An examination of the impact of minority status stress and impostor feelings on the mental health of diverse ethnic minority college students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 41(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2013.00029.x

Coleman, J. S. 1990. Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Claridge, T. (2017). How to measure social capital. https://www.socialcapitalresearch.com/measure-social-capital

de Brey, C., Musu, L., McFarland, J., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., Diliberti, M., Zhang, A., Branstetter, C., Wang, X. (2019). Status and trends in the education of racial and ethnic groups 2018 (NCES 2019-038). U.S. Department of Education. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED592833.pdf

Edeburn, E. K., & Knotts, G. (2019). What administrators need to know: Latinx students, equity, and the normative secondary transition. Educational Leadership Administration: Teaching and Program Development. 31. 1-13. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1231180.pdf

Eustis, E.H., Williston, S.K, Morgan, L.P., Graham, J.R, Hayes-Skelton, S.A., Roemer, L. (2017). Development, acceptability, and effectiveness of an acceptance-based behavioral stress/anxiety management workshop for university students, Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 24(2), 174-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.03.011

Farmer-Hinton, R. L., & Adams, T. L. (2006). Social capital and college preparation: Exploring the role of counselors in a college prep school for black students. Negro Educational Review, 57(1/2), 101–116.

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146

González-Romá, V., Gamboa, J. P., & Peiró, J. M. (2018). University graduates’ employability, employment status, and job quality. Journal of Career Development, 45(2), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845316671607

González, K. P., Stoner, C., & Jovel, J. E. (2003). Examining the role of social capital in access to college for Latinas: Toward a college opportunity framework. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 2(2), 146–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192702250620

Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 42(2), 377–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010

Hayes, A. F. (2017). An introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression‐based approach (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Holdsworth, S., Turner, M., & Scott-Young, C. M. (2018). … Not drowning, waving. Resilience and university: A student perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 43(11), 1837–1853. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1284193

Hu, S., Hood, M., & Creed, P. A. (2018). Career goal importance as a moderator in the relationship between career feedback and career-related stress. Journal of Career Development, 45(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845316667847

Ledogar, R. J., & Fleming, J. (2010). Social capital and resilience: A review of concepts and selected literature relevant to aboriginal youth resilience research. Pimatisiwin, 6(2), 25-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956751

Lindström, M., Ali, S. M., & Rosvall, M. (2012). Socioeconomic status, labour market connection, and self-rated psychological health: The role of social capital and economic stress. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 40(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494811421825

McGee, E. (2018). “Black genius, Asian fail:” The detriment of stereotype lift and stereotype threat in high-achieving Asian and Black STEM students. AERA Open, 4(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418816658

Museus, S. D., & Neville, K. M. (2012). Delineating the ways that key institutional agents provide racial minority students with access to social capital in college. Journal of College Student Development, 53(3), 436-452. https/doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0042

Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. Maidenhead: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill.

Palmer, R., & Gasman, M. (2008). "It takes a village to raise a child": The role of social capital in promoting academic success for African American men at a black college. Journal of College Student Development, 49(1), 52–70. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2008.0002

Pittman, D. M., Cho Kim, S., Hunter, C. D., & Obasi, E. M. (2017). The role of minority stress in second-generation Black emerging adult college students’ high-risk drinking behaviors. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 23(3), 445–455. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000135

Saleh, D., Camart, N., & Romo, L. (2017). Predictors of stress in college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(19), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00019

Search Institute. (2022). The power of social capital: Findings from the Social Capital Assessment and Learning for Equity (SCALE) Project. https://d2pck61xhq74q6.cloudfront.net/Resources-Hub/Beyond-the-Classroom/Ref-407_SCALE_.The-Power-of-Social-Capital.pdf

Sherrieb, K., Norris, F. H., & Galea, S. (2010). Measuring capacities for community resilience. Social Indicators Research, 99(2), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9576-9

Sidiropoulou-Dimakakou, D., Argyropoulou, K., Drosos, N., Kaliris, A., & Mikedaki, K. (2015). Exploring career management skills in higher education: Perceived self-efficacy in career, career adaptability and career resilience in Greek university students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 14(2), 36-52. http://www.ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/526

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200. https://doi/org/0.1080/10705500802222972

Solberg, V.S, Good, G. E., Nord, D., Holm, C., Hohner, R., Zima, N., Heffernan, M., Malen, A. (1994). Assessing career search expectations: Development and validation of the career search efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 2(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279400200202

Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5, https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338

Terrell, M. C., & Strayhorn, T. L. (Eds.). (2010). The evolving challenges of black college students: New insights for policy, practice, and research. Stylus.

Torres-Harding, S., Torres, L., & Yeo, E. (2020). Depression and perceived stress as mediators between racial microaggressions and somatic symptoms in college students of color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 90(1), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000408

Unidos US. (2020). Following their dreams in an inequitable system: Latino students share their college experience. http://publications.unidosus.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/2078/unidosus_followingtheirdreams_lr.pdf?sequence=4

Wang, L., Tao, H., Bowers, B.J., Brown, R., Zhang. Y. (2018). Influence of social support and self-efficacy on resilience of early career registered nurses. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 40(5), 648-664. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945916685712




DOI: https://doi.org/10.51383/jesma.2023.85

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches © 2023 by Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches is licensed under CC BY 4.0