Leadership for Staff Hope: Can it Offer Similar Outcomes as Student Hope?
Abstract
A more robust evidence base around the positive aspects of schools might influence leaders to do more to align their efforts to enhance the positives, rather than to focus on mitigating the negatives, to improve school and student outcomes. The purpose of this research was to assess whether staff hope offered similar academic achievement and school climate outcomes as student hope. Findings from this cross sectional survey research using the Perceived Hope Scale with 45 schools in one U.S. state indicated staff hope scores were unrelated with school socioeconomic status, but related with one measure of school climate – student to faculty ratio. This measure of school climate predicted staff hope when modeled with school level socioeconomic status, offering a potential practical finding. These findings overall, however, do not suggest that staff hope offered similar outcomes as student hope with regard to academic achievement. This study contributes to the hope in schools evidence base and provides support for future research to examine the role of staff hope to influence various school and student level outcomes.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Barnes, L. M. (2016). Keeping the peace and controlling crime: What school resource officers want school personnel to know. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 89(6), 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2016.1206428
Berkowitz, R., Moore, H., Astor, R. A., & Benbenishty, R. (2016). A research synthesis of the associations between socioeconomic background, inequality, school climate, and academic achievement. Review of Educational Research, 87(2), 425-469. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0034654316669821
Buckman, D. G., Hand, N. W. J., & Johnson, A. (2021). Improving high school graduation through school climate. NASSP Bulletin, 105(1), 5-24. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192636521993212
Bury, S. M., Wenzel, M., & Woodyatt, L. (2016). Giving hope a sporting chance: Hope as distinct from optimism when events are possible but not probable. Motivation and Emotion, 40, 588–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9560-z
Conderman, G., Van Laarhoven, T., Johnson, J., & Liberty, L. (2021). Wearable technologies for anxious adolescents. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 94(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2020.1819183
Daily, S. M., Mann, M. J., Kristjansson, A. L., Smith, M. L., & Zullig, K. J. (2019). School climate and academic achievement in middle and high school students. Journal of School Health, 89(3), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12726
Davis, J. R. & Warner, N. (2018). Schools matter: The positive relationship between New York City high schools’ student academic progress and school climate. Urban Education, 53(8), 959-980. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0042085915613544
DeMatthews, D., Carrola, P., Reyes, P., & Knight, D. (2021). School leadership burnout and job-related stress: Recommendations for district administrators and principals. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 94(4), 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2021.1894083
Department of Mental Health & Substance Dependence, World Health Organization. (2002). WHOQOL spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs (SRPB) Field-Test Instrument. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77777/WHO_MSD_MER_Rev?sequence=1
Dixson, D. D. (2020). How hope measures up: Hope predicts school variables beyond growth mindset and school belonging. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00975-y
Dixson, D. D. (2019). Hope into action: How clusters of hope relate to success-oriented behavior in school. Psychology in the Schools, 56(9), 1493-1511. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22299
Dixson, D. D., Keltner, D., Worrell, F. C., & Mello, Z. (2018). The magic of hope: Hope mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. The Journal of Educational Research, 11(4), 507-515. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2017.1302915
Dixson, D. D. & Stevens, D. (2018). A potential avenue for academic success: Hope predicts an achievement-oriented psychosocial profile in African American adolescents. Journal of Black Psychology, 44(6), 532-561. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0095798418805644
Dixson, D. D., Worrell, F. C., & Mello, Z. (2017). Profiles of hope: How clusters of hope relate to school variables. Learning and Individual Differences, 59, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.08.011
Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House Publishing Group. https://www.randomhousebooks.com/books/44330/
Gasper, K., Spencer, L. A., & Middlewood, B. L. (2020) Differentiating hope from optimism by examining self-reported appraisals and linguistic content. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(2), 220-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1590623
Harwell, M. (2018). Don’t Expect Too Much: The Limited Usefulness of Common SES Measures and a Prescription for Change. Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center. http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/SES
Herth, K. (1992). Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: Development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17(10), 1251-1259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01843.x
Hopson, L. M., Schiller, K. S., & Lawson, H. A. (2014). Exploring linkages between school climate, behavioral norms, social supports, and academic success. Social Work Research, 38(4), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svu017
Hoy, W. K. & Tarter, J. C. (2011). Positive psychology and educational administration: An optimistic research agenda. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(3), 427-445. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0013161X10396930
Krafft, A.M., Guse, T., & Maree, D. (2021). Distinguishing perceived hope and dispositional optimism: Theoretical foundations and empirical findings beyond future expectancies and cognition. Journal of Well-Being Assessment, 4, 217–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41543-020-00030-4
Krafft, A. M., Martin-Krumm, C., & Fenouillet, F. (2019). Adaptation, further elaboration, and validation of a scale to measure hope as perceived by people: Discriminant value and predictive utility vis-à-vis dispositional hope. Assessment, 26(8), 1594-1609. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1073191117700724
Lenz, A. S., Bledsoe, K. G., & Placeres, V. (2021). Positive psychology characteristics as predictors of school climate among Hispanic/Latinx students. Professional School Counseling, 25(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X211018659
Marques, S.C., Lopez, S.J., Fontaine, A.M., Coimbra, S., & Mitchell, J. (2015). How much hope is enough? Levels of hope and students’ psychological and school functioning. Psychology in the Schools, 52(4), 325-334. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21833
Marujo, H. Á., Velez, J., Gonçalves, S. P., Neto, L. M., Krafft, A. M., & Casais, M. (2021). The value of hope: Validation of the perceived hope scale in the Portuguese population. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02115-6
Morgan, H. (2016). Relying on high-stakes standardized tests to evaluate schools and teachers: A bad idea. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 89(2), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2016.1156628
Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive psychology. Oxford. https://global.oup.com/ushe/product/a-primer-in-positive-psychology-9780195188332?cc=us〈=en&
Pressley, T. (2021). Factors contributing to teacher burnout during COVID-19. Educational Researcher, 50(5), 325-327. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0013189X211004138
Reynolds, K. J., Lee, E., Turner, I., Bromhead, D., & Subasic, E. (2017). How does school climate impact academic achievement? An examination of social identity processes. School Psychology International, 38(1), 78-97. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0143034316682295
Shank, M. K. & Santiague, L. (2021). Classroom management needs of novice teachers. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2021.2010636
Slezackova, A., Guse, T., & Prosek, T. (2021). The role of perceived hope in harmony in life among Czech and South African adults. In R. K. Pradhan & U. Kumar (Eds.), Emotion, well-being, and resilience: Theoretical perspectives and practical applications (1st ed., pp. 77-94). Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003057802
Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570
Snyder, C. R., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Rapoff, M., Ware, L., Danovsky, M., Highberger, L., Ribinstein, H., & Stahl, K. J. (1997). The development and validation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22(3), 399–421. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/22.3.399
Sulak, T. N. (2016). School climate and academic achievement in suburban schools. Education and Urban Society, 48(7), 672-684. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0013124514541465
Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A review of school climate research. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 357-385. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0034654313483907
Wang, M-T. & Degol, J. L. (2016). School climate: A review of the construct, measurement, and impact on student outcomes. Educational Psychology Review, 28, 315-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9319-1
Waters, L. (2011). A review of school-based positive psychology interventions. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 28(2), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1375/aedp.28.2.75
Waters, S., Russell, W. B., & Hensley, M. (2020). Cyber bullying, social media, and character education: Why it matters for middle school social studies. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 93(4), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2020.1760770
Yeung, S. S., King, R. B., Nalipay, M. J. N., & Cai, Y. (2022). Exploring the interplay between socioeconomic status and reading achievement: An expectancy‐value perspective. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(3), 1196-1214. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12495
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51383/jesma.2023.70
Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches © 2023 by Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches is licensed under CC BY 4.0